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How Long Does It Take to Decompose?

Ever wondered how long that plastic bottle or aluminum can will stick around? Search our database to discover the shocking decomposition times of everyday items.

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Showing 67 items

Disposable diaper

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

450-500 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contains plastics and gels. One baby uses 5,000+ diapers. Consider cloth diapers to reduce waste.

Diapers (disposable)

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

450-500 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contains plastics and super-absorbent gels. One of the worst waste items. Consider cloth diapers.

Feminine hygiene products

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

400-500 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contain plastic and synthetic materials. Consider reusable or biodegradable alternatives.

Plastic straw

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

200-400 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Too small to recycle, often ends up in oceans. Switch to reusable metal, glass, or bamboo straws.

Aluminum can

High Impact
Category: MetalRecyclable

200-500 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Takes centuries to decompose but recycling aluminum saves 95% of energy. Always recycle cans.

Plastic coat hangers

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

200-400 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Plastic hangers persist for centuries. Choose wood or metal hangers, or return plastic ones to stores.

Carpet (synthetic)

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

200-400 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Most carpets are made from synthetic fibers (nylon, polyester). Takes centuries to break down.

Synthetic clothing (polyester)

Extreme Impact
Category: Textiles

200-400 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Polyester and other synthetic fabrics are essentially plastic. Choose natural fibers when possible.

Tire

Extreme Impact
Category: Rubber & SyntheticRecyclable

200-400 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Tires contain steel, chemicals, and synthetic rubber. Can be recycled into new products.

Mattress

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

100-200 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contains foam, springs, fabric. Very slow to decompose. Many parts are recyclable if separated.

Cotton swabs (plastic stems)

High Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

100-200 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Plastic stems persist for centuries. Switch to paper or bamboo stem alternatives.

Golf balls

Extreme Impact
Category: Rubber & Synthetic

100-200 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contain rubber, plastic, and various chemicals. Major pollution source in water bodies.

Rubber boot sole

Extreme Impact
Category: Rubber & Synthetic

50-100 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Synthetic rubber is extremely durable and takes generations to break down. Repair shoes when possible.

Steel can (tin can)

High Impact
Category: MetalRecyclable

50-100 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Steel eventually rusts away but recycling is far more efficient. Rinse and recycle all food cans.

Sponges (synthetic)

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

50-100 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Most kitchen sponges are plastic foam that never fully decomposes. Switch to natural alternatives.

Car parts (plastic)

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

50-100 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Plastic automotive parts are very durable. Many can be recycled at auto dismantlers.

Plastic flower pots

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

50-100 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Black plastic pots can't be detected by recycling sorters. Return to nurseries for reuse.

Rope (nylon)

High Impact
Category: Plastic

30-40 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Synthetic rope is extremely durable and deadly to marine life. Natural fiber ropes decompose faster.

Nylon fabric

High Impact
Category: Textiles

30-40 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Nylon is very durable and slow to decompose. Used in activewear, bags, and outdoor gear.

Leather shoes

High Impact
Category: Textiles

25-40 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Genuine leather is treated with chemicals that slow decomposition significantly. Repair or donate instead.

Tennis balls

High Impact
Category: Rubber & Synthetic

25-40 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Made from rubber and synthetic felt. Very durable but eventually break down.

Painted/treated wood

High Impact
Category: Wood

13-15 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Paint and chemical treatments significantly slow decomposition. Can leach toxins into soil.

Plastic bag

Extreme Impact
Category: PlasticRecyclable

10-20 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Breaks into microplastics but never truly disappears. Use reusable bags instead. Return to store collection bins.

Lumber (untreated)

Medium Impact
Category: Wood

10-20 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Natural wood decomposes faster but still takes years. Reuse or repurpose whenever possible.

Denim jeans

Medium Impact
Category: Textiles

10-20 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Heavy cotton fabric treated with dyes and chemicals. Takes longer than regular cotton to decompose.

Balloons (latex)

High Impact
Category: Rubber & Synthetic

5-10 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Even 'latex' balloons can take years to decompose and are deadly to wildlife. Avoid balloon releases.

Tea bags (with plastic)

Medium Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

5-10 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Many tea bags are sealed with plastic that doesn't decompose. Look for plastic-free brands.

Bamboo

Low Impact
Category: Wood

3-5 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Bamboo decomposes faster than hardwood. Sustainable alternative for many wood products.

Wool sock

Medium Impact
Category: Textiles

1-5 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Natural wool breaks down slower than cotton but is still biodegradable. Donate or textile recycle first.

Cigarette butt

High Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

1-10 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contains plastic fibers and toxic chemicals that leach into soil. One of the most common litter items worldwide.

Plywood

Medium Impact
Category: Wood

1-3 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Glues and chemicals slow decomposition compared to natural wood. Better to reuse or repurpose.

Particle board

Medium Impact
Category: Wood

1-3 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Compressed wood chips and glue. Decomposes faster than solid wood but contains adhesives.

Carpet (wool)

Medium Impact
Category: Textiles

1-5 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Natural wool carpets decompose much faster than synthetic. Better environmental choice.

Orange peel

Low Impact
Category: Food & Organic

6 months - 2 years

Time to decompose in landfill

Citrus oils slow decomposition. Still relatively fast compared to plastics. Excellent for composting.

Newspaper

Low Impact
Category: Paper ProductsRecyclable

6-12 months

Time to decompose in landfill

In landfills with limited oxygen, newspapers can remain readable for decades. Recycle or compost instead.

Cotton t-shirt

Medium Impact
Category: Textiles

5-6 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Pure cotton decomposes relatively quickly. However, synthetic blends can take years longer.

Cotton rope

Low Impact
Category: Textiles

5-12 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Natural cotton rope decomposes relatively quickly, especially in moist conditions.

Tea bags (paper)

Low Impact
Category: Food & Organic

3-6 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Paper tea bags decompose relatively quickly. However, many contain plastic sealants - check packaging.

Cardboard box

Low Impact
Category: Paper ProductsRecyclable

2-3 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Corrugated cardboard breaks down faster than you'd think, but recycling saves trees and energy.

Cardboard pizza box (clean)

Low Impact
Category: Paper ProductsRecyclable

2-3 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Clean cardboard decomposes quickly. Greasy boxes take longer and may not be compostable.

Paper bag

Low Impact
Category: Paper ProductsRecyclable

1-3 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Breaks down relatively quickly, especially when exposed to moisture. Much better than plastic bags.

Sponges (natural)

Low Impact
Category: Organic

1-3 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Natural cellulose or sea sponges decompose quickly. Much better environmental choice.

Apple core

Low Impact
Category: Food & Organic

2-8 weeks

Time to decompose in landfill

Decomposes quickly in nature but takes longer in oxygen-deprived landfills. Best composted at home.

Banana peel

Low Impact
Category: Food & Organic

2-8 weeks

Time to decompose in landfill

Rich in nutrients, decomposes rapidly when composted. Takes longer in landfills where conditions are poor.

Paper towel

Low Impact
Category: Paper Products

2-6 weeks

Time to decompose in landfill

Decomposes quickly but better to use reusable cloths. Compostable if not contaminated with chemicals.

Cotton swabs (paper stems)

Low Impact
Category: Paper Products

2 weeks - 3 months

Time to decompose in landfill

Paper stem cotton swabs decompose quickly. Much better environmental choice.

Packing peanuts (biodegradable)

Low Impact
Category: Organic

1 week - 1 month

Time to decompose in landfill

Made from cornstarch, these dissolve in water. Excellent eco-friendly packing material.

Glass bottle

Medium Impact
Category: GlassRecyclable

1,000+ years (possibly never)

Time to decompose in landfill

Glass is essentially forever but is infinitely recyclable without quality loss. Always recycle glass.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Fishing line

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

600+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Monofilament line is extremely persistent and deadly to wildlife. Dispose at fishing line recycling stations.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Styrofoam cup

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

500+ years (possibly never)

Time to decompose in landfill

Polystyrene foam may never fully decompose. Breaks into tiny pieces that harm wildlife. Avoid entirely.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Plastic toys

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

500+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Most toys are made from various plastics and chemicals. Takes centuries to break down.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Balloons (mylar)

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

500+ years (possibly never)

Time to decompose in landfill

Metallic balloons are made of plastic with metal coating. Extremely persistent in environment.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Vinyl flooring

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

500+ years (possibly never)

Time to decompose in landfill

PVC flooring is extremely persistent and can release toxins. Consider natural alternatives.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Packing peanuts (styrofoam)

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

500+ years (possibly never)

Time to decompose in landfill

Polystyrene packing peanuts may never decompose. Use biodegradable peanuts or paper alternatives.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Plastic bottle (PET)

Extreme Impact
Category: PlasticRecyclable

450+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

One of the most common litter items. Takes centuries to break down into microplastics. Always recycle.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Motor oil bottle (plastic)

Extreme Impact
Category: PlasticRecyclable

450+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

HDPE plastic bottles persist for centuries. Must be completely empty and clean to recycle.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Plastic utensils

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

400+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Single-use plastics are a major pollution source. Keep reusable utensils in your bag or car.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Six-pack plastic rings

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

400+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Infamous for harming marine life. Cut them up before disposal. Better yet, buy cans in cardboard boxes.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Aluminum foil

High Impact
Category: MetalRecyclable

400+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Very thin aluminum still lasts centuries. Clean foil can be recycled - ball it up to golf-ball size.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Toothbrush

Extreme Impact
Category: Plastic

400+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Billion+ toothbrushes discarded annually. Switch to bamboo brushes with replaceable heads.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Disposable razor

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

200+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Mixed plastic and metal makes decomposition slow. Consider safety razors with replaceable blades.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Batteries

Extreme Impact
Category: HazardousRecyclable

100+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Contains toxic heavy metals that leach into soil. Never trash batteries - take to collection centers.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Wet wipes

Extreme Impact
Category: Mixed Materials

100+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Most contain plastic fibers despite 'flushable' claims. Cause major sewer blockages.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Milk carton

High Impact
Category: Mixed MaterialsRecyclable

5+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Lined with plastic and foil, making decomposition very slow. Many facilities now recycle them - check locally.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Chewing gum

High Impact
Category: Rubber & Synthetic

5+ years (possibly never)

Time to decompose in landfill

Made from synthetic rubber polymers. Modern gum may never fully decompose. Wrap in paper and trash it.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Cardboard milk cartons (waxed)

High Impact
Category: Mixed MaterialsRecyclable

5+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Wax or plastic coating prevents normal paper decomposition. Modern cartons are often recyclable.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Tetra Pak cartons

High Impact
Category: Mixed MaterialsRecyclable

5+ years

Time to decompose in landfill

Multi-layer packaging (paper, plastic, aluminum) makes decomposition slow. Can be recycled at some facilities.

May never fully decompose - breaks into microplastics that persist indefinitely

Environmental Impact Guide:

Low Impact: Biodegradable, decomposes relatively quickly
Medium Impact: Takes years but eventually biodegrades
High Impact: Takes decades to centuries, avoid when possible
Extreme Impact: May never fully decompose, creates lasting pollution

The Landfill Reality

When items go to landfills, they're buried under tons of waste with limited oxygen, moisture, and light. This anaerobic environment dramatically slows decomposition. Items that might break down in months under ideal composting conditions can persist for decades or centuries in landfills.

Even "biodegradable" items may not decompose in landfills. Newspapers from the 1960s have been found still readable. The solution? Reduce consumption, reuse when possible, and recycle properly to keep items out of landfills entirely.

What You Can Do

  • •Choose reusables: Invest in reusable water bottles, bags, and containers
  • •Recycle properly: Most items on this list are recyclable when cleaned and sorted correctly
  • •Compost organic waste: Food and yard waste decompose in weeks when composted, not years
  • •Buy less packaging: Choose products with minimal or recyclable packaging
  • •Repair before replacing: Extend the life of items to reduce waste generation

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